3-5 years depending on use is what I was always told. I thought it was a scam to replace helmets, but enough different sources I investigated, confirmed the 3-5 year service life.
I will have to get the cycle world study they did on helmets. It really calls into question many of the ideas we have about helmets. In a nutshell, snell will only help you if you are a twenty year old athlete. If you are an old fart the impact will still kill you dead, but you will look pretty in your new box.
Three to five years is what I've heard. The oils from your hair and skin break down the foam padding. As with everything things get brittle as they get older.