Do you have a FOB! If so, replace it's battery for $2 and see if that solves your problem. Been there....

 

Take the cap off the end of the solenoid, three small screws and take the button out. There's a long shaft and spring on it so be level when removing. Inspect the bottom of the ring, if it's very corroded it isn't making contact. clean it up with file and put it back together. You can do this without removing the starter from the bike.

Since you have already taken the starter off then you have removed the outer primary and pulled the starter jackshaft off to remove the starter from its mount. You can check the starter drive by taking out the two small screws in the end of the starter, holding the starter vertical, carefully remove the housing without twisting in either direction. Just lift it off the drive and check the gears. If they work just clean them up and put some grease on them before re-assembly.

Often times the starter drive gets worn and puts the starter in too much of a bind to function, I don't recall the part # but I think they usually run $100 or so if you can't get it to work after cleaning and light greasing.