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I know that European and American chain sizes are different. A series 50 chain (american) means that there is 5/8ths of an inch between the centerpoint of the chain rollers, a series 60 is 3/4 (or 6/8ths) of an inch and so on. European is of course, metric. It may be done for the simplicity of using local sizes for repairs, etc. Just a guess. The differences in the pitch size would mean a small difference in sprocket diameter, which would change your gear ratio slightly.
They give the European bikes a bit better walken gear's for autoban use. They did this for one year in 93 with US bikes with the Softail's by putting a 61T rear pulley on but a lot of people complained about the loss of power so it was only a one year deal. My self I liked it I was getting 60 mpg. with that set-up.
Probably a combination of both the above posts. I'm thinking that it's because the taller ratio puts the motor in its 'sweet spot' at the cruising speeds in Europe. And gasoline is $$$$ over there.
general road conditions overseas vary greatly vs the US. You have the AUTOBAN but not all roads are high speed like the BAN. Majority are narrow and twisty. I've been in France and the road was like the Dan Ryan at rush hour. 4 lanes each side, bumper to bumper, door handle to dorr handle. You have to muscle lane changes.
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